Essay on Clothing and the Culture of Fashion - 1970 Words

Clothing has always been an important part of society, with evidence from the earliest human civilizations. In history, climate, religion and political factors played a role in the fabrication, styling and even color of the garments that people wore. Today, the fashion industry is multi-faceted, and while climate and religion are still some factors in how we dress, there are many more influences in what we choose to wear. Time and time again, designers reference historical styles and push them into modern trends. Subcultures illustrate how a particular way of dressing can transform into a lifestyle. Ethnic fashion ties in with a specific culture’s values and beliefs. By looking at clothing in other societies around the world, as well†¦show more content†¦As a result, corsets were the key undergarments in creating ultra-feminine silhouettes for the next 350 years. By sucking in the waist to extremely tiny proportions, the hips widened, creating an hourglass look. Petticoats were used as undergarments to create fullness in skirts, as well as farthingales (also known as hoop skirts) to accentuate nipped in waists even further. In later years, feminists began rebelling against corsets because of the health problems that resulted in wearing them. In the beginning to the 20th century in the 1920’s, the boyish silhouette was in full swing for women’s fashions. Flapper styles flattered long, lanky figures, as opposed to the curvy S-curved shapes of prior centuries. Hair was cut into short bob styles, and flattened chests were preferred to rounder ones. (Laver, Costume and Fashion†¦) There are many factors that contribute to how culture influences fashion in the modern era. Art and popular culture effects what becomes a growing and evolving trend. Andy Warhol’s Factory in the 60’s influenced a pop art movement in New York’s SoHo neighborhood. Images of famous sirens such as Marilyn Monroe where screen printed with psychedelic color to create images that were new and fresh. The environment in which we are raised also plays a huge role in influencing our outlook on what we find aesthetically pleasing. This is often seen in wealthy societies versus theShow MoreRelatedProject Runway Essay827 Words   |  4 Pagesabout to show off a new line of clothing from a designer that will become the newest trend in fashion. But what is fashion? Many people think about models, the runway, New York and expensive clothing when they hear the word fashion. But fashion is much more than that. Fashion is clothing that defines who a person is, their likes and dislikes, their personality and most importantly their culture. Clothing dates back to about 100,000-500,000 years ago. The first clothing was made out of animal hide andRead MoreFashion In America Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesEvelyn Ramirez Ms. Fergus Fashion 24 August 2017 Fashion inside the American culture Many regions around the world have influenced the American culture. The United States is the third largest country in the world with more than three hundred twenty - five million people. There are many cultures in every region that shape the american culture. For instance, Native Americans, Latin Americans, Africans and Asians, accordingRead MoreThe Origins Of The Gothic Culture1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gothic culture is a subculture that can found throughout the world. This subculture began in the early 1980s in England.Two Gothic bands that are an outcome of the post-punk genre are Bauhaus and Siouxsie and the Banshees, and these bands have influenced Gothic bands today like A Day To Remember. The Goth subculture has survived and grown throughout the years. The Goth subculture has its own different type of genre of music, art, literature, media, and fashion. Fashion in this culture encompassesRead MoreFashion ´s Effect on Society Essay1373 Words à ‚  |  6 Pagesme, fashion helps to express myself; it should always be based on what I find interesting and no one else!† I said. For many centuries, people had designed creative fashion that have some ambiguous message behind the stylish clothing they wore. Civilization began to produce more clothing for global benefits and lead to the development of a new age. Long ago people started wanting to become an eminent player from the crowd and be different from other people by means of changing their clothing. SomeRead MoreChinas Fast Entry into the Fashion World after the 20th Century1825 Words   |  7 PagesChina’s fast entry into Fashion World after the 20th Century The dawn of the 20th century brought in many challenges in China such as cultural, political, economic, and social. The social changes increased its push after the 1911 revolution which caused in the passing of the Qing Empire. Social improvement led to amendment in dress codes as well. The head shaving and queue (long plait) men had been compulsory to wear, to validate their subservience, gradually vanished. The practice of foot compulsoryRead MoreFashion And Fashion1557 Words   |  7 Pagesin the type of clothing they wore, people started wanting to stand out from the big crowds and be different from other people, changing the way they use their clothes, giving a personal touch, trying to stand out from the common way that people were used to wear it. Fashion can be defined as a constantly changing trend, it is necessary to recognize that at the present moment fashion has a deeper influence on peoples life, is not only anymore something to cover our self, fashion nowadays show someRead MoreCultural Integration And Cultural Assimilation1038 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Assimilation is a procedure by which a person’s culture is transformed by another culture. Throughout the world, many cultures are being assimilated into the Western way of life. The cultures of ethnic groups in the United States and other countries are constantly influenced by the Western culture through movies, singers, clothing brands, food companies, and new technology inventions. Immigrants are expected to resemble the dominant culture in terms of norms, behavior and values. The three factorsRead MoreA Comparative Analysis: British and Chinese Clothing Concepts1598 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparative Analysis: British and Chinese Clothing Concepts 1.0 Introduction 1.1. Background Information The importance of dressing and fashion has been a subject in many societies especially the relation between clothing and the shape of both national and social setups of these societies (Crane, 2000). Many academicians, writers and authors have adopted the use of dressing in their literary works to reveal the differences in physical environments, social structures, racial relations, religiousRead MoreHigh Fashion And Streetwear Styles Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesEnrollment English 20 October 2016 High Fashion and Streetwear In modern society there exists an enormous spectrum of fashion, each individual person’s fashion style is heavily influenced by their environment, interests, and many other factors. Among the vast variety of styles present in today’s fashion culture, streetwear and high fashion are two of the most distinctive and prominent styles, having a huge influence on how the general population dresses. High fashion and streetwear are two styles thatRead MoreI m Considering Becoming A Sports Fan1386 Words   |  6 Pagesmany different cultures and fashion in our society. Some may indicate that the culture influences one’s fashion while others may oppose and state that each aspect stands alone. Fashion and culture fall into the following identity categories: chosen and assigned. Culture affects many parts of an individual, in some cases you can determine an individual s culture by their speech and clothing; in addition to traditions and the environment in which they were raised. Whereas fashion may be impacted

Accelerated Development Free Essays

Counseling is one of the noblest professions, if a teacher teaches minds, and doctors heal bodies, a counselor revives man’s spirit and inspires others to live more fully. It is both a challenge and a vocation to be a counselor because one must be physically and mentally present to those who come for help. Counselors are still humans despite the breadth of their responsibilities to help others, and they are also prone to experience burnout and exhausted in their jobs. We will write a custom essay sample on Accelerated Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now A counselor’s well-being and state of mental health is equally important to the training he/she has received in the counseling profession, counselors must have a strong sense of self and be able to deal effectively with his/her stressors in order to become effective counselors (Campbell, 2000). David has been working as a counselor for many years have probably experienced the signs of burnout; not wanting to work, exhaustion, sluggishness and unhappiness. Burnout results when the counselor has not given importance to his own personal care. David must nurture his own well-being and seek ways for him to become more effective in his job. Fortunately, there are a number of ways that would help David, he could place himself in different types of supervision-individual, group and peer. Under individual supervision, David would have the opportunity to work closely with a more experienced counselor. The role of the supervisor is to constantly check and evaluate David’s performance and the difficulties he may experience in a particular case (Campbell, 2000). David can benefit from individual supervision if he is willing to establish a working and mentoring relationship with the supervisor. David on the other hand, must not feel threatened to be scrutinized and made to face his own issues. In individual supervision, David can learn from the more experienced counselor by discussing with him/her how to handle certain cases, what approaches to use on clients that have specific problems as well as learn new developments in the counseling profession. If David decides to place himself in peer supervision, he will work together with colleagues in resolving personal dilemmas and difficult cases. There will be no designated official supervisor and everyone interacts and shares his/her views, professional know-how and experience to enrich others (Campbell, 2000). Peer supervision is actually like a support group in function; it is valuable in terms of establishing friendships with similar jobs, hence every member of the group can relate to what is being experienced. David can benefit from peer supervision if he can work with others on equal footing, without structure and a leader and if his clients are actually more sensitive than others which make it difficult to share with those who do not have the same clients. Another option for David is group supervision, in this type of supervision, David works with other counselors as a group and they invite a seasoned professional or expert counselor to provide valuable input on their problems and difficulties (Campbell, 2000). The benefits of being in group supervision is that David can learn from other counselors and at the same time receives feedback from an expert as to how they could do it better and be more effective in their jobs. Group supervision is actually a good set-up if David can find like minded counselors who are receptive to supervision and who have similar cases. The strengths of counseling supervision is that the counselor does not feel that he is alone and that there are persons he can turn to for technical expertise and friendship (Campbell, 2000). Individual supervision allows one-on-one evaluation and feedback, it removes the threat of being embarrassed in front of others and the counselor can decide his supervision program. The drawback is that it is difficult to find an expert counselor who has the time to work with individually. And if the counselor and the supervisor has established rapport and become close friends it is very difficult to maintain objectivity in the process. In peer supervision, there is the added bonus of having a group that everyone can share and be heard and no one is there to criticize but to help others learn. The negative side is that because it is not structured, the group meetings may not actually respond to the needs of all the members and since there is no supervisor, no one is there to check whether one is doing the right thing. Lastly, group supervision offers a class-like set-up which many find appropriate when it comes to professional growth, however because it is a group, the expert may not have enough time to address the needs of all the members and it may take longer for a certain issue to be discussed even if it is an immediate need for the counselor. Reference Campbell, J. (2000). Becoming and effective supervisor: A workbook for counselors and psychotherapists. Philadelphia, PN: Accelerated Development. How to cite Accelerated Development, Papers

Report on a Health System in Philippines †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Report on a Health System in Philippines. Answer: Governance: The Philippines is a group of 7000 islands, and its population is 103,633,870as on May 27, 2017, which is growing faster, more than ever, sharing one third of the world population. 2, 3 Since the health denotes the overall development and well-being of a nation, it can never evolve in a vacuum. A health governance, therefore, should have the capability to harness and employ the resources to improve the health of its people. This is done by becoming responsive to their expectations, through financial security, and fulfilling the societal goals 4. In the case of Philippine, the health governance means an action for bringing consensus and making partnerships, for a constructive health care outcome. 5. In the current decentralized health care sector, the Department of Health (DOH) acts as the central governing agency, while the local government units (LGUs) and the private sector, address the health care needs of the individuals and communities. The DOH is responsible for the national po licy direction and plans, and has the authority to fix technical standards and issue guidelines on health. Though the LGUs have autonomy and can implement their own health services as per the provisions of Local Government Code of 1991, they must abide the stipulations given by the DOH, routed through the Centers for Health Development (CHDs). In this system, the secondary hospital care is maintained by the Provincial governments, whereas, the primary care, such as maternal and child care, nutrition programs, and other direct care services are extended by the city and municipal administrations. The private sector is larger than the public sector, involving both profit and non profit providers, and they cater to more than 30% of the population of the Philippines.6 The Department of Health, while burdened with macro-level functions, has to enter meaningful and strategic partnerships with LGUs to coordinate policy formation, health information gathering, and control over tertiary hospi tals. The DOH cooperates at district levels, in order to strengthen the Interlocal Health Zones, as they have proved successful. The PhilHealth can optimize the local-national partnerships, through incentives granted to the well running local governments and setting accreditation standards for the LGU hospitals, so that the quality and safety in health care are ensured. By developing a political capital on health, the national and local politicians can collaborate to further the cause of better health outcomes. Similarly, a private sector association with the LGUs, like the Zuellig Family Foundation, can reduce the maternal and infant mortality to a great extent. 7 Service delivery: A health system of a country covers all efforts of organizations and people for the promotion and maintenance of health. 7 As per the constitution of the Philippines, health is a basic human right, but the health disparities still remain, both in access and outcomes. Most of the reforms of the government to lessen the inefficiencies and inequalities in delivering health care service has only ended in attracting challenges from the decentralized system and the private sector quarters, resulting in the deterioration of care quality. However, the country is trying to overcome the challenges through repeated legislative actions. 7 The latest of such a legislation is the new classification and licensing system introduced to address the existing capacity gaps at all levels of the health sector. Most of the population seek medical treatment from government hospitals, because of the affordability, and this resulted in an increase in the net satisfaction levels, from above 30 in 2005 to above 37 in 2006, and so the trend has continued, since then. 8 Philippines health service delivery, which was founded on the Western biomedical model of the Spanish colonial era, has been superimposed by herbal medicines and traditional practice. Though the health status has improved after the 1970s, the disparities in health outcomes across different socioeconomic classes and geographical regions continue, unabated. 9 The local health facilities are poorer, without enough staffing, and all regional and national hospitals still remain congested. Moreover, the national-local, as well as the public-private networking are ineffective, and the referral systems are not at all adequate. 10 Health workforce The DHO holds the view that the Filipino healthcare workers are a priority of Kalusugan Pangkalahatan, and is implementing a rationalization plan to deal with the problem of inadequate staffing, while improving the working conditions and welfare of the workers. 11 The rationalization plan began in 2013 to increase the health facility, by hiring more health care workers to meet the requirement of the health sector. The DOH has recruited 8,203 midwives and 324 doctors immediately after 2010, thus making the total deployment of 63,932 nurses for the period from 2010 to 2014. Moreover, the PhilHealth funding also capacitates the LGUs to hire health workers. Many of these nurses will work in rural health units to perform immunization and prenatal checkups, along with their regular clinical duty. Due to the availability of PhilHealth augmentation, the physicians will get compensation of PHP 100,000 each month. In addition, the modernization of hospitals and the rural health units have been given more priority under the Health Facilities and Enhancement Program. However, there is still uncertainty about the workforce continuing in service, due to the lower salary in government service and the inadequate budgetary support, medical facilities, and provisions for professional growth. To overcome this issue, the DOH has taken steps to recruit more people in the health service and increase their salaries. 11 Moreover, the devolution made it easier for the LGUs to engage more in the hiring, deciding on the salary of health professionals. 12 Distribution of Human health and social work activities and establishments13 According to the 2010 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) on Human health and social work activities, there were 4,451 establishments that engage health care workers, as shown in Figures-3, 4, and 5. The highest number of professionals was found to be in medical and dental services. That means hospital activities require more workers, while the highest paid employees were those worked in other social work activities. Distribution of employment in Human health and social work activities13 Distribution of Average Annual Compensation 13 The revenue from the whole health sector was PHP84.3 billion and its major share of 76.6 percent was contributed by the hospital activities, while medical and dental practice, along with the social work activities provided 18.5 percent of the total revenue. The above data gives insight about the different service areas, where focus is needed for addressing the needs of the health workforce as well as the communities. This comparison is essential to identify the areas that contribute to constructing an equitable health system. 14 Health information system The contemporary health service is more dependent on information technology for improving patient care and also organizational settings. 15 Physicians and other professionals working in the Philippine health sector, have been relying on electronic medical records to improve their practice15 and decision making. Therefore, strengthening the information is identified as a major step for enhancing the competence of the workforce, and effectiveness of the health care system. The computer application, known as BLACKBOX, developed earlier for the DOH, focused on enhancing the management information system for all public health programs, statistics, mortality, and diseases, as well as analyzing the health problems of the Philippine population. 16 The PHIS is an innovative online system for analysis and dissemination of crucial health metrics, for the users, like policy makers, planners, community leaders, and other development agencies. PHIS can track governance and privacy, and also techno logical challenges of interoperability, while translating from one coding standard to another, automatically. However, this program requires assistance in finding solutions to address the technical issues, such as how to make incompatible information compatible, for working together to make it cost effective and resolving issues on governance and privacy 17. The Philippine Health Information Exchange (PHIE) is the latest program for protecting electronic access and flawless health data transmission across different health facilities, workforce, other providers of health care and organizations, and also the various government agencies for setting national standards for improving public health. The DOH and Philippine Health Insurance Corporations, with the help of the Department of Science and Technology intend to implement the PHIE as a vital health care delivery system for fulfilling Universal Health Care.18 Health financing Health financing is an important challenge in innovating the Philippine health sector. Since the people are compelled to pay for the availed health care, most of them face financial difficulty, leading to low economic productivity. This, in turn, will limit the quality of peoples life. The issue could be alleviated by implementing measures to reduce the out of pocket spending level of the people. Expanding coverage to meet the goal of the universal health care, improvements in all sorts of pharmaceutical and healthcare industries, and legislative and political interventions could enable overcoming these problems. While seeking different measures for facing these challenges, it is prudent to note that the overall development is the best cure for reduced economic productivity. It is because when a country journeys towards development, the health care will also improve with it. Nevertheless, many complex elements that are affecting the health care may go unnoticed from the gurus of heal th economics and also the public. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the social determinants of health, which, among other things, connect directly with multi-sectoral and interdisciplinary aspects of development. Health financing in the Philippines needs a very elaborate and inquisitive approach for supporting the reforms in legislations that are intended to collect more revenue, for working towards the attainment of the three dimensions of universal coverage. To achieve this, the government should implement a less complex, flawless, innovative, and sustainable health insurance policy, for the Philippine people. 19 The health care financing for the 2010-2010 period has been formulated, keeping these points in view. When the governmental expenditure in health sector remains low, it will result in under-investment, causing loss in health revenue. The fragmentation in the health system has in effect thwarted the progress of the health care sector, due to the hurdles in coordinatio n and issues related to regulations. In addition to these are the many issues of weak protection to the sick households, inappropriate and insufficient service performance, and the inequalities in the buying capacity of the marginalized people. 20 The following table provides an insight on how much money is spent for health care services and who is paying them. How much money is spent for health care services? This table, prepared as per the 2010-2020 Health Care Financing Strategy (HCFS) goals of DOH, provides a clear picture of the potential and efficiency of the health care financing system, as well as the different areas displaying inefficiencies. It also helps in determining the relevant interventions for delivering the health care and gives the inputs for evaluating various health programs in the Philippines. Additionally, it extends necessary help to determine the adequacy of health care spending from all sources, such as, the government, the private and social insurance sectors, as well as others. 21 Pharmaceuticals and medical devices The Philippines has a significant role in the fastest growing pharmaceutical markets in Asia, recording $3.4 billion in 2015. According to the GlobalData, with an annual growth rate of 3.7%, it is expected that the market will rise to $4.1 billion, within the next five years. Since health expenditure reflects the government supporting of the heath care sector, the DOH received an allocation of $2.8 billion in 2016, which is 42% more than the previous year. The Philippines open economic environment promotes greater investment opportunities, and supports BOT systems with a 100% foreign investment in the pharmaceutical sector. The country has become a much sought destination for global clinical trials recently, with a growth rate of 31% in 2009, and an investment of $22.6 million in research and development in the year 2013.22. The industry manufactures drug products, including the over-the counter drugs and the drugs for using in the diagnosis, cure, or disease prevention in humans. It also produces the non-drug items, such as nutritional, baby care, infant milk preparations cosmetics, and many more. The industry is more focused on ethical products, OTC, and nutritional. Drugs and medicines contribute 46 percent of out-of-pocket medical expenses of Philippine households. 23 Philippine Pharmaceutical Market Share24 Pharmaceuticals are supplied to customers through the supply chain system, consisting of retailers and wholesalers. The drugstores have the largest share with 80.1% of the total market. Both private and government hospitals, NGOs, clinics, and other government agencies share the remaining percentage.24 Challenges and opportunities The Philippines embrace an equity based economic and social growth pattern, focusing on social protection. To facilitate the modernization processes, the government has increased the health care insurance coverage. As per the solidarity principle, all people are supposed to have health care access, without having to face any problems of illness cost. This principle envisages equity in financing and protection from financial risks. That means the people need pay only according to their financial ability. Since the countrys health system is fragmented, it affects the equity in access to the health care services, reflecting the out-of-pocket spending and the differences in social security coverage. The territorial fragmentation originating from the sub national level, the disparities in health coverage represents the changes in the peoples socioeconomic conditions and geographical disadvantages. Thus, the Philippine health sector is confronted with varying health coverage levels, becaus e of the economic inequalities and geographical indifferences. The increase in tax, limits the health care improvement and access to quality care. Therefore, it is imperative that the reforms should be broader for accelerating economic growth and social development. 25 Though the Philippines health sector has initiated many major reforms in the past, most of such reforms still remain unattended. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), for improving the poor households, are at risk, and to make matters worse is the increase in non-communicable diseases. The health spending ratio is the lowest with out-of-pocket (OOP) spending, compelling the financial protection, the least. 26 The PhilHealth can make the health care affordable and accessible, by enabling the private health care sector to associate with the public sector. The increased government investment and contributions augment the health care delivery to bring positive outcomes. Moreover, the major business groups have already shown their green flag to their investment plans in the health care service, which ultimately will increase the sustained economic growth. 27 Draft Recommendations: Strengthening the health care system Strengthen and improve governance in the health sector Implement long-term scenarios for the development of human resource Developing costing and cost analysis culture in health care system. Initiate a household health care expenditure plan for every household Design new health care financing options for private and social health insurance schemes. Implement a patient-centered health care delivery strategy, with stakeholders partnerships. Health care systems must be placed under leaders who avow health to all is their responsibility and strengthening it is their life mission Put more investments in health care infrastructure and workforce Build multidisciplinary-stakeholder health care settings for adequate representation of all system elements Focus on local infrastructure that supports the workforce and system management Encourage multi-stakeholder engagement, which is vital for improving the health system. Government alone cannot run the play and give care to all in every respect. It needs public participation, and motivation from leaders. Proper enacting laws and enforcing them scrupulously to check treatment costs and malpractices Strengthening health systems with all available resources, including the existing disease-driven programs. The public sector must prioritize access to quality services as the main health goals. Cutting edge and cost-effective interventions are required in health care promotion phases. Encourage publicprivate partnership in health care service, especially in delivering them to marginalized people Design necessary regulatory frameworks to affirm quality service delivery. Determine the quality oriented indicators for Universal Health Coverage Encourage multidisciplinary group and multi-sectoral interaction to all operational areas, such as hospitals, clinics, government agencies, and the like Health workforce should be provided adequately, at all health care settings. Their compensation should be realistic and manageable. Public and private sector providers should collaborate in achieving better outcomes Adhere to the percent of the GDP, stipulated by the World Health Organization Maintain solidarity in funding health care services and the cross subsidy social health insurance must be improved. Gray areas should be removed by identifying and fixing the responsibilities and roles of each player in the health sector. Less choice, maximum protection. The higher income stratas choices should be curtailed, and instead, more choice and protection should be given to the marginalized people. Equity in health care must be ensured with financial security to the vulnerable groups. Speedy payment of the cost must be encouraged Strengthen the local health sector through accreditation.28 References Philippines Physical Map. [Internet]. Available from https://www.freeworldmaps.net/asia/philippines/map.html 2 Romulo A. Virola RA. Statiscally Speaking. Philippine Statistics Authority.[Internet]. 2011.https://nap.psa.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2011/071111_rav.asp Worldometer. Philippines Population. [Internet], May 27, 2017. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/ Cruz, BD. Chapter 3. Governance in Health. (Internet). Available from https://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Chap3.pdf Lasco G. Three challenges for governance in health care in the Philippines. [Internet]. January 3, 2015. Available from https://www.gideonlasco.com/2015/01/three-challenges-for-governance-in.html The Philippines health system review. Health Systems in Transition, Vol. 1 No. 2[Internet]. 2011. Avilable from https://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/Philippines_Health_Syste m_Re view.pdf Ik A, Gunda, A M Topu B. The Philippine Health Care Delivery System and Health Expenditure. Handbook of Research on Behavioral Finance and Investment Strategies: Decision Making in the Financial Industry. 2015. (pp. 271-283). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666- 7484-4.ch016 The Philippine Health System at a Glance. Chapter 1.[Internet]. Available from https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/basic-page/chapter-one.pdf Health Service Delivery Profile. Philippines. [Internet]. 2012/ Available from https://www.wpro.who.int/health_services/service_delivery_profile_philippines .pdf Challenges in Health Service Delivery. [Internet]. https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/DPRM/dprm11/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/edited- mss-CHALLENGES-IN-HEALTH-SERVICE-DELIVERY.pdf GOVPH. Healthcare workforce priority of Kalusugan Pangkalahatan. [Internet]. July 23, 2014. Available from https://www.gov.ph/2014/07/23/healthcare-workforce- priority-of- kalusugan-pangkalahatan/ Geronimo JY. Where are the health workers? Rappler. [Internet]. February 12, 2014. Available from https://www.rappler.com/nation/50267-health-workforce- crisis

The Horror of Christianity Essay Example For Students

The Horror of Christianity Essay A Pagan Joke A Pagan died and, much to her surprise, found herself at the Pearly Gates facing St. Peter. He walked up to her and said, Hello, and welcome. She stared at St. Peter in complete confusion. Wait a minute, she said. I was supposed to end up in the Summerlands. He smiled. Ah, you must be one of our Pagan sisters. Follow me, please. Peter gestured for her to follow him down a small path, which went through the gates and down a bit to the left. They walked for a short while, then he stepped back and gestured her forward. Looking past his hand, she saw the verdant fields and forests of her desired Summerlands. She saw people feasting, dancing, and making merry, exactly as she expected. While shaking her head in wonder, the Pagan happened to glance over to one side and saw a small group of people a short way away from the edge of the Summerlands. The people in the group were watching the revelers, but not joining them. Instead, they were screaming and weeping piteously. The Pag an looked at St. Peter. Who are those people? St. Peter replied, Them? Theyre fundamentalists. Theyre a bit surprised to see you all there, so they stand there and carry on like that all day. Why? Dont they have better things to do? Peter leaned conspiratorially toward her. They dont really have a choice. Theyre actually in Hell. God doesnt like being told what He thinks. I start this paper with this joke to prove a point. When read, pagans, athiests, and those that lie outside the mainstream of Christianity will enjoy it, while Christian Fundamentalists and Conservatives will think it is in poor taste. Some might go so far as to say My goodness, he is going to step on a lot of toes with that! The question remains, though, WHOSE toes, and why does it matter? The answer can be found if we examine the psychology of Christianity. We will write a custom essay on The Horror of Christianity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Christianity is one of the worlds most widespread and pervasive religions, and has been around a good long while. Wherever it goes, it seems to spread and promulgate and overrun. Evangelistic Christians send out missionaries to fulfill one of the commands given to them in the Bible: Go ye forth and preach the Gospel to all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. (Mt. 28:19) Christians believe in a vision that separates them from all other people and places them at the feet of the throne of God, to give and grant blessings to the rest of unenlightened humanity. From this mighty pedestal they judge all other faiths and cultures to be inferior. They send forth missionaries and warriors into heathen lands, to bring the true faith to the pagan people. Christians will go into tribes in Africa and New Guinea, preach to the natives, and tell them to go and follow Exodus 22:18 (Thou shall not suffer a witch to live), and kill their healers and shamans. This is not a new idea, however: The Old Testament is riddled with references of God either killing someone not worshipping Him, or telling his followers to put to death those who do not honor him: If thy brother, the son of thy mother, or thy son, or thy daughter, or the wife of thy bosom, or thy friend, which is as thine own soul, entice thee secretly, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, which thou hast not known, thou, nor thy fathers; Namely, of the gods of the people which are round about you , nigh unto thee, or far off from thee, from the one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth; But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all the people. (Deut. 13:6-9) One might wonder WHY the Bible, the cornerstone of a religion and the basis for all Christians morals would be so riddled with these injustices? The answer is two-fold, and can only be reached if faith and blind acceptance are stripped away, a nd the history and text of the religion can be viewed with open and unclouded eyes. .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 , .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .postImageUrl , .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 , .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72:hover , .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72:visited , .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72:active { border:0!important; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72:active , .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72 .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e00e7f711faa7545730ea7d1f69fe72:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life and Times of Alexander the Great EssayExamining the history and development of the Israelite nation, one is amazed at the precision and the utter brilliance of the Israelites approach to territorial expansion. During this time period, the common practice of an invading nation was to come in, conquer the territory by any means possible, and declare it to be part of their empire. The invaders would take a census of the populace, tallying up ages and gender. The army would then conscript some of the able bodied men for its army, and send the rest of the stronger men (including boys as young as 10), and the virgins and beautiful women to the capitol of the Empire to work as slaves in the fields or in the household. The invaders would impose their laws, set up a civil police, and just let the area be. The flaw with this: the locals still had their religion, their identities, and their freedoms. No society in history has ever remained perpetually subjugated when they are allowed to think what they wish; Likewise, after a given amount of time the overrun territories would rise up against the empire, and the empire would lose control. (Kishlansky )The Israelite corrected this: wherever they conquered, they would take EVERYONE, man, woman, and child as slaves, separating them and interspersing them with the rest of the prisoner population. Also, they would destroy the temples and the idols, ensuring that their God would be the only one to survive. The Israelites thus conquered other nations and promulgated their religion at the same time. What better way to coerce conversion than squashing all sense of individuality? These laws written in the Bible were good for what they were designed for: the expansion of a nation and the peacekeeping of the people. However, in this age of the World Nation, why are these old laws trotted out time and time again? Shouldnt Christianity have better ways of keeping itself afloat?The answer to that question is no, it shouldnt, and doesnt have to. These Old Testament laws and the newer mandates from the New Testament exhibit the bullets of Christianitys big guns: Fear. The question has been asked countless times since the Renaissance, how did a religion based on a book that has been edited and re-edited countless times, indeed didnt even EXIST in its entirety for a good portion of Christian history, spread so far so rapidly? The answer can be pulled directly from the pages of the Bible itself. The overwhelming message expressed in the Bible is accept Jesus, or be condemned to hell. (Barker) But alas, only one thing keeps Jesus the Almighty, Son of God, and God Incarnate from perfecting humanity. As all good Christians know that their omniscient and omnipresent God allows the entity known as Satan, the Devil, to create crisis and danger to Christianity. This is a fundamental basis for obedience to all Christian law, obey or the devil will take your soul, that as an individual, if you move beyond the protection of the Church, you will be assaulted and possessed by demonic forces. At all sides you will be led to dangerous decisions and horrid temptati ons and finally you will fall into immorality and sin. If you die beyond the protection of the Church, the devil will take your soul to a place of everlasting pain, and forevermore you will be lost to your family and all the good things in your life. This belief in such an adversary as the Devil, and the Leap of Faith that believes this entity is behind every negative action creates a state of paranoia within the Christian Culture. What non-Christians fear is that this demand for security emerging out of paranoia will lead to irrational decisions and sudden destructive behavior. Once the people of a Christian community believe harm, through agents of the devil, has entered their community then they will demand of you the declaration of belief. At this moment, you see the true doctrine of paranoia that leads to massacres and burnings, lynchings and Murder. It comes from the pulpit and it is a fearsome sound. And it sounds like this: If you do not believe in Christ then you are in the control of Satan. If you have not asked Jesus into your heart then the devil has possessed your wicked heart. All men are born with original sin, and only through the word of God, as spoken by me can cleanse you of your sin. By partaking in this ritual of cleansing, a baptism in water, you are born anew into our community, free of the devil. But alas the battle between Good and Evil, God and Satan occurs all around us, at all times. Our faith keeps us strong and only by saving all souls within the community can we ever be truly secure. God has given us permission to preach and convert them as the Disciples of Christ did. Use whatever force needed to protect your lives and you will be martyred if you die in this holy quest. If needed, kill them all and let Gods will sort them out. (Hubbard)This statement is harsh but has been given time and time again from the pulpit and altars of the Church. At its core is the belief that you must believe what I believe or you are potentially my en emy and you are harboring a supernatural being that is seeking to destroy me and my family. With such a horrifying enemy, then any measure of violence can become acceptable to the Christian right up to and including Armageddon and the destruction of the physical world. Pagans fear this arbitrary violence and the effects of deep paranoia led by manipulative men under the guise of a loving church. The historical accounts of violence combined with the daily occurrences of violence reported from around the globe, including inside the United States, done in the name of Jesus Christ assure us that this is not an unfounded fear. We know when the Christian calls you the Devil they are preparing to attack you, and when they call your people pagans and ignorant savages they are about to commit genocide. When it begins your primitive and devil filled culture is put to the torch in order to save all these newfound souls for Christ. Ultimately the Christian message becomes convert or be ostraciz ed, join or suffer, love Christ or be of the devil, and accept the Church or be destroyed. Not all Christians do this and not at all times. But some Christians do commit acts of destruction and this fearful violence is occurring everyday and has occurred for most of the last two millennia somewhere on our world. The night is black,Without a moon. .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b , .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .postImageUrl , .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b , .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b:hover , .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b:visited , .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b:active { border:0!important; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b:active , .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76cddeb9c1c96c823b2129052b46ff7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rosa Parks Essaythe air is thick and still. The vigilantes gather onThe lonely torchlit hill. Features distorted in the flickering light,The faces are twisted and grotesque. Silent and stern in the sweltering night,The mob moves like demons possesed. Quiet in conscience, calm in their right,Confident their ways are best. The righteous riseWith burning eyesOf hatred and ill-will. Madmen fed on fear and liesTo beat and burn and kill. They say there are strangers who threaten us,In our immigrants and infidels. They say there is strangeness too dangerousIn our theatres and bookstore shelves,That those who know whats best for usMust rise and save us from ourselves. Quick to judge,Quick to anger,Slow to understandIgnorance and prejudiceAnd fearWalk hand in hand. Neil Peart, Witch HuntWords/ Pages : 1,981 / 24

Free Essays on The Evolution Of The Internet

The Internet has become an essential part of our lives. However, as we use it on a daily basis to communicate with family and friends, find information, look for jobs, pay bills, etc., we often do not stop to ponder where the internet originated. According to Nua Internet Surveys, 513.41 million people were online worldwide in August 2001. The Internet we know today and evolved from a government research program into the largest form of mass medium we know today. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) scientist J.C.R. Licklider first envisioned the Internet in August 1962. Licklider, who was Presidents Roosevelt’s science advisor during World War II, headed the first computer research program at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), as it was then known, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense (Daily, p222.) The first Internet originated when (DARPA) began a network called ARPAnet in 1969. Designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter, ARPAnet protected the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers that could exchange information via a newly developed protocol (rule for how computers interact) called NCP (Network Control Protocol). This meant that even if enemies knocked out portions of the network it would continue to function because the information sent would automatically find an alternate route to their destination. One opposing view to ARPAnet's origins comes from Charles M. Herzfeld, the former director of ARPA. He claimed that ARPANET was not created as a result of a military need, stating, "It came out of our frustration that there were only a limited number of large, powerful research computers in the country and that many research investigators who should have access were geographically separated from them" (Bellis, 3rd para.) Four computers were the first connected in the original ARPAnet. They were located in t... Free Essays on The Evolution Of The Internet Free Essays on The Evolution Of The Internet The Internet has become an essential part of our lives. However, as we use it on a daily basis to communicate with family and friends, find information, look for jobs, pay bills, etc., we often do not stop to ponder where the internet originated. According to Nua Internet Surveys, 513.41 million people were online worldwide in August 2001. The Internet we know today and evolved from a government research program into the largest form of mass medium we know today. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) scientist J.C.R. Licklider first envisioned the Internet in August 1962. Licklider, who was Presidents Roosevelt’s science advisor during World War II, headed the first computer research program at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), as it was then known, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense (Daily, p222.) The first Internet originated when (DARPA) began a network called ARPAnet in 1969. Designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter, ARPAnet protected the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers that could exchange information via a newly developed protocol (rule for how computers interact) called NCP (Network Control Protocol). This meant that even if enemies knocked out portions of the network it would continue to function because the information sent would automatically find an alternate route to their destination. One opposing view to ARPAnet's origins comes from Charles M. Herzfeld, the former director of ARPA. He claimed that ARPANET was not created as a result of a military need, stating, "It came out of our frustration that there were only a limited number of large, powerful research computers in the country and that many research investigators who should have access were geographically separated from them" (Bellis, 3rd para.) Four computers were the first connected in the original ARPAnet. They were located in t...

Airline Marketing Plan

Executive Summary 1. 0 Executive Summary Puddle Jumpers Airlines, Inc. is a new consumer airline in its formative stages. It is being organized to take advantage of a specific gap in the short-haul domestic travel market. The gap exists in low cost service out of Anytown, U. S. A. The gap in the availability of low cost service in and out of the Anytown hub coupled with the demand for passenger travel on selected routes from Anytown indicates that a new entrant airline could be expected to capture a significant portion of current air travel business at that hub. The management of Puddle Jumpers is experienced in airline start-ups. Previously management grew Private Jet Airlines from a single Boeing 727 to a fleet of 16 MD80 series aircraft. Revenues grew to $130 million in a two year period from 1992 through 1993. Our research and projections indicate that air travel to and from Anytown is sufficient to provide a new carrier with revenues of $110 million dollars in its first full year of operations, utilizing six aircraft and selected short-haul routes. These sales figures are based upon load factors of only 55% in year one. Second year revenues are expected to exceed $216 million dollars with additional aircraft and expanded routes. Load factors for year two are 62%. The Puddle Jumpers plan has the potential for a more rapid ramp-up than was the case with Private Jet due to the nature of the routes and the demand for travel currently in the targeted markets served. In short, the frequency of flights needed to serve Puddle Jumperss target market exceeds the demand that dictated Private Jets growth. These sales levels will produce net profit of just over $1 million in the first operational year and $21. 4 million dollars in flight year two. Profits in year one will be 1% of sales and will improve to 10% of sales with the economies gained in year two. The over-all operational long term profit target will be 16% of sales as net profit in years three, four, and five. The companys long term plan is part of the due diligence package. The first operational year is actually fiscal year two in this plan. The first year of formative operations will burn cash until revenue can commence. This is due to the organizational and regulatory obligations of a new air carrier. Investment activity is needed to handle the expenses of this phase of the business. The following chart illustrates the over-all highlights of our business plan over the first three years. Gross Margin here is approximately 87% of sales since the only costs included in this calculation are travel agent commissions, credit card discounts, and federal excise taxes. Travel agent commissions are calculated on 30% of sales even though management feels the actual number will not exceed 10% of sales. NOTE: For display purposes in this sample plan, numerical values in tables and charts are shown in thousands (000s). Highlights 1. 1 Objectives The Company has the following objectives: 1. To obtain required D. O. T. and F. A. A. certifications on or before March 1, 1997. 2. To commence revenue service on or before July 1, 1997. 3. To raise sufficient seed and bridge capital in a timely fashion to financially enable these objectives. 4. To commence operations with two McDonnell-Douglas MD-80 series aircraft in month one, four by end of month four, and six by end of month six. 5. To add one aircraft per month during year two for a total of 18 at year two end. 1. 2 Mission Puddle Jumpers International Airlines, Inc. has a mission to provide safe, efficient, low-cost consumer air travel service. Our service will emphasize safety as its highest priority. We will operate the newest and best maintained aircraft available. We will never skimp on maintenance in any fashion whatsoever. We will strive to operate our flights on time. We will provide friendly and courteous no frill service. 1. 3 Keys to Success The keys to success are: Obtaining the required governmental approvals. Securing financing. Experienced management. (Already in place). Marketing; either dealing with channel problems and barriers to entry; or solving problems with major advertising and promotion budgets. Targeted market share must be achieved even amidst expected competition. Product quality. Always with safety foremost. Services delivered on time, costs controlled, marketing budgets managed. There is a temptation to fix on growth at the expense of profits. Also, rapid growth will be curtailed in order to keep maintenance standards both strict and measurable. Cost control. The over-all cost per ASM (available seat mile) is pegged at 7. 0 cents or less in 1996 dollars. This ASM factor places Puddle Jumpers in a grouping of the lowest four in the airline industry within the short-haul market. (US Air, the dominate carrier in the Anytown market, averages 12. 0 cents per ASM by comparison). The only three airlines with lower operating costs also operate older and less reliable equipment, and even then the lowest short-haul cost in the airline industry is currently Southwest at 6. 43 cents per ASM. Company Summary 2. 0 Company Summary Puddle Jumpers International Airlines is being formed in July, 1996 as a South State Corporation. Its offices will be in Anytown, Georgia. The founder of Puddle Jumpers is Kenneth D. Smith. Mr. Smith has extensive experience in consumer aviation. His bio as well as the backgrounds of all the members of Puddle Jumperss management team are enclosed herein. 2. 1 Company Ownership Puddle Jumpers International Airlines, Inc. will authorize 20,000,000 shares of common stock. 1,000,000 shares are to be set aside as founders stock to be divided among key management personnel. It is also expected that management stock options will be made available to key management personnel after operations commence. It is expected that founders stock plus option stock will not total more than 15% of authorized shares. Initial seed capital is to be attracted via a convertible debenture sold by Private Placement. This round of funding will have premium conversion privileges vs. later rounds and bridge capital.

Piero Gobetti on Liberal Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Piero Gobetti on Liberal Revolution - Essay Example The capitalist ideal of alienation of labor was one of the key drivers of his revolution. According to him, change could only be achieved through a complete dismantling of the edifice of power as represented in the fascist system of government. It was because of this belief that he supported the idea of complete reshaping of the society in ways that could capture the interests of the governed. Many times, the idea of a popular revolution was considered as one of his eventual objectives. He spread the idea of revolution through his publications and the journalistic writings he was engaged in both at home and during his life in exile. According to him, it was inappropriate for the factory workers to continue serving under the hegemonic powers of the ruling elite because they could never articulate their opinions in accordance with the ideals of democracy. The taking away of the powers of the ruling according to him represented the systematic suppression of the rights of the governed th rough a system that could never be represented through an active appropriation of the rights of the majority. On this score, Gobetti is widely regarded as a revolutionary who changed the course of the Italian political process. He appropriated the ideals of Marxism in ways that opposed the political processes represented in the thinking of the Italian government. ... He appropriated the ideals of Marxism in ways that opposed the political processes represented in the thinking of the Italian government. As a staunch believer of the Marxist philosophies of popular revolution by the working class, Gobetti believed that real change in the Italian Political structure could only be achieved through the active rebellion against the fascist status quo. As such, he was opposed to the views propagated by the society, which insisted on the active representation of the political power through a centralized leadership in the opinions and views of the ruling elite. There was an increasing belief that some of the issues appropriated in political doctrine were supposed to represent the views of the opposition. Due to this reason, Gobetti was often criticized as a radical opponent of the government for the reason of benefitting the opposition. Such claims led to some of the challenged he faced as a philosopher, journalist, and activist. Gobetti’s brand of revolution incorporated a range of ideals that combined the ideals of Marxism and other liberal philosophies in order to challenge the status quo on which the Fascist policies were governed. On this score, it could be argued that some of the issues appertaining the control of the state and government were openly subjugated under the absolute regime. His ideals were consistent with the principles of popular liberation as espoused in the ideals of Marx and other philosophers who had thrived in the eighteenth and twentieth centuries. On this matter, it might be argued that some of the ideals he held were anchored on his deep association with the views and aspirations of the majority. However, he was limited by the fact that much of the Italian society had

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 55

History - Essay Example Spaniards feared much and realization dawned on them that the time was not far off, when they would be thrown out. Nevertheless, they continued their vigilance in the occupied territory. Spain authorities attacked the Pueblo from two ends, economic and religious. â€Å"Spanish officials forced Pueblos to conform to the economically imbalanced encomienda and repartimiento systems, under which Pueblos were forced to pay tribute to the Spanish government. In addition, the Franciscans set up a series of missions among the Pueblos with the expectation that they would abandon their religious beliefs for Christianity.† (New Mexico) They were proved wrong. The Franciscans wished to retain their presence, when the economic agenda of the Spanish authorities failed to deliver the results. The religious agenda was supported with financial grants from the Government funds. The religious agenda too failed soon. When the Spanish Pueblo individuals were persecuted on religious grounds, it caused deep resentment. On 10th August 1680, they faced a sudden assault from the combined might of Pueblo. Even though the plot was uncovered by the Spaniards a day before the attack, Pueblos fared well and â€Å"more than four hundred† (New Mexico)Spaniard settlers were annihilated; besides, â€Å"twenty-one Franciscans†(New Mexico) were murdered. Many Pueblos also died in the operation. To sum up some of the factors that could be listed for the revolt, were draught, intertribal warfare, famine and the highhandedness of the authorities and above all the commitment of the Pueblos to their native religious belief

The Harlem Renaissance and Its Role in American Literature Essay Example for Free

The Harlem Renaissance and Its Role in American Literature Essay Historically, the African American experience is defined by the constant struggle to be recognized, to assert identity, and to rise from the stereotypes and negativity of racism and discrimination. While it took some time before these issues were resolved, the contributions coming from the African American culture’s collective and individual experiences have formed a profound body of work, from then until now. One of the most renowned eras of African American literature is the Harlem Renaissance. Originally known as the New Negro Movement, the Harlem Renaissance saw an incredible influx of activity within the community of black writers that started during the early 1920s (McElrath, par. 1). The movement began with the holding of literary discussions series in both lower and upper Manhattan, specifically Greenwich Village and Harlem. Much of the credit was given to Charles Spurgeon Johnson, an editor who called on young and aspiring African American writers to bring their creative talents to New York in order to form an unprecedented membership of black creative artists. The call was heeded, and the next few years saw the arrival of black writers from all over America and even from the Caribbean, coinciding with the cultural phenomenon of the black urban migration. The Harlem Renaissance was soon born, and its roster included then-unknown names that would rise to exemplary heights in a short time (â€Å"Harlem Literature†, pars. 1-2). II. Themes Within the Harlem Renaissance More than a specific form or style, the Harlem Renaissance was characterized by its embracing of all styles and elements arising from culture and experience. The black signature in the emergent jazz and blues music also made its impact on the literature produced, since many of the themes covered by music also resonated within the writing community. Slavery and the production of identity, the complexities of life as African Americans in the modernity of the urban North, and the issues concerning the writing and performance for white audiences were some of the more prevalent themes appropriated by writers of the Harlem Renaissance. Racial pride and the reference to African history were found within the lines of black writers’ works, as well as a marked desire to achieve political and social equality within the greater American society. Yet more than anything. the Harlem Renaissance was defined by its upholding of diversity—in style, voice, and expression (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†, pars. 1-2). Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, both poets, paved the way for the showcase of the African American mindset, particularly in Hughes’ appropriation of the ghetto life, and in the militant tone and passion against racial violence and for cultural pride in McKay’s â€Å"If We Must Die†. Other writers followed suit, and most notable was the membership of women in this elite circle. III. The Men and Harlem African American writers have come a long way since the efforts of Frederick Douglass on his text opposing slavery (Malvasi, par. 4), and the premier list of the Harlem Renaissance included many names, but always topped by three: Hughes, McKay, and Countee Cullen. Unlike the other two, Cullen had lived all his life in New York City, and viewed poetry as ‘raceless’, though he did acknowledge the presence of racism in America. However, the tackling of racist themes and injustice in his iconic poem â€Å"Yet I Do Marvel† apparently changed this passive outlook. Hughes, on the other hand, was quite experienced and well-traveled, a fact that appears in the use of the outdoors as a literary device in his profound poem â€Å"Negro Speaks of Rivers†. Finally, Claude McKay promoted a more irreverent method of fighting inequality and racism, the nature of which answers the anger and fear instilled in the hearts of African Americans. His abovementioned poem, â€Å"If We Must Die†, calls for honorable death in the face of the various forms of torture and persecution against blacks (McCrone 2-3). IV. The Writing Women of the Harlem Renaissance Perhaps the most marginalized among an already marginalized community are the women, most of whom are relegated to traditional roles limited to domesticity and child-rearing. While these were—and still are—values deemed important and significant, much must be credited to the African American women writers of the era, who had more to contribute on top of the collective experience of slavery and injustice. Editor Jessie Fauset, teacher Dorothy Peterson, and writers Ethel Ray Nance, Regina Anderson, and Georgia Douglas Johnson were some of the first women to claim part of the Harlem Renaissance for the interests of the female voice. Included in their activities were discussion and writing group organization, promotion of black authors in their respective communities, and the publication of African American writing in various magazines where they served as editors. But most of all, the women of the Harlem Renaissance made their mark by writing about fear and violence, as well as gender and tradition, within the context of the black experience. Names such as Dorothy West, Hallie Quinn, and Zora Neale Hurston were active in this group, women who would later make their literary voices resound even louder than those of their male counterparts (Lewis, pars. 13-17). V. Criticism Notwithstanding the great proliferation of creativity and intellectualism, the Harlem Renaissance and its impact on American literature was not without flaws or criticism. Because of the newness of the concept of freedom, specially in the realm of writing, many black writers resorted to crafting their works in styles commonly identified with white literary standards. Even worse, some of them appropriated images of blacks that agree with the racial stereotypes propagated by the whites. The goal to promote African American identity was not always successful, perhaps due to the still flimsy grasp on freedom and equality—concepts that are alive and well in this era. Works Cited â€Å"Harlem Literature†. Harlem Renaissance Multimedia Resource. 2009. John Carroll University. 17 March 2009 http://www. jcu. edu/harlem/Literature/Page_1. htm. â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†. Spiritus-Temporis. com. 2005. 16 March 2009 http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/harlem-renaissance/diverse-and-common-themes. html. Lewis, Jone Johnson. â€Å"†Harlem Renaissance Women: African American Women Dreaming in Color†. Women’s History. 2009. About. com. 17 March 2009 http://womenshistory. about. com/od/harlemrenaissance/a/dreaming_color. htm. Malvasi, Meg Greene. â€Å"Soul Deep: African American Literature and Music†. Suite101. com. 2004. 16 March 2009 http://www. suite101. com/article. cfm/harlem_renaissance/98190. McCrone, Audrey. â€Å"Three Harlem Renaissance Writers (Hughes, McKay, Cullen)†. Essays on American Literature. 2001. 17 March 2009 http://www. suite101. com/article. cfm/american_literature_essays/78581/3. McElrath, Jessica. â€Å"Harlem Renaissance: The New Negro Movement†. Afro-American History. 2009. About. com. 17 March 2009 http://afroamhistory. about. com/cs/harlemrenaissance/a/harlemren. htm.

a worn path Essay -- essays research papers

As Phoenix finally reaches the end of the staircase, she breaks through the doors and steps into the town, beginning yet another journey. She begins to make her way down the street, seeing the children play at dusk, the decorations of the festive holiday, and the sun beginning its descent. She begins her rhythmic pace. The sound of her cane echoes in the midst of the city, much like the chirping of a bird, which sings, as Phoenix walks to its beat. Phoenix sops at the window of a small store, peering in with her blue, aged eyes, she sees the paper windmill she spoke of earlier. She chuckles to herself, and continues on out of the city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entering the road she has so often traveled, Phoenix smells the soothing aroma of the river, and of the wood, which burns in the chimneys of the cabins. All the children have gone inside, and all that remains are the decorations and lights outside the cabins. As she passes the cabins, she remembers the dog that had attacked her earlier, and she continues with caution. As she moves on, the dog is not in sight so her worries begin to fade. Continuing down the road she reaches the swamp, and she sees the silver trees, the old cabins, and the empty, desolate fields. It is becoming late, and Phoenix feels as though her legs are in buckets of cement, chained down to the ground, and she can no longer walk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the near distance the wagon track appears, and Phoenix stops to rest. After a short...

Guide to registration on the childcare register Essay

The parents of Anjum a little girl who is new to your setting moved to England only 3 months ago. Yours is the first setting that they have used for 18 month old Anjum. They have very little understanding of the legislation covering home based childcare or the role of the regulatory body. QUESTION 1 †¢Consider 4 pieces of legislation that are important for home based childcarers and how you would outline these to Anjum’s parents? There are over 20 pieces legislation currently used to protect children and their parents whilst using home based care settings. I have outlined 4 pieces of legislation that I believe are important to home –based childcarers. Children Act 2004 This act sets out the processes for integrating services to children in England and Wales, requiring local authorities and their partners to co-operate in promoting the welfare and wellbeing of children. It created the post of Children’s Commissioner for England and introduced the requirement for local authorities to have a director of children’s services. The Introduction of The Children Act was the first time that a UK law had acknowledged that children had rights. It Places responsibility on home based child carers to help a child meet the following five priority outcomes: Be healthy Stay safe – Enjoy and achieve – Make a positive contribution – Achieve economic wellbeing – Childcare Act 2006 The Childcare Act 2006 is a pioneering piece of legislation. It is the first ever act to be exclusively concerned with early years and childcare. The act has helped to transform childcare and early years services in England. Measures in the act formalise the important strategic role local authorities play through a set of new duties. These duties will require authorities to: †¢Improve the five Every Child Matters outcomes for all pre-school children and reduce inequalities in these outcomes †¢Secure sufficient childcare for working parents †¢Provide a better parental information service †¢The act also reforms and simplifies early years regulation and inspection arrangements, providing for a new integrated education and care quality framework for pre-school children and also for the new Ofsted Childcare Register. The Childcare 2006 Act has four parts: 1. Provision of Childcare This requires local authorities to assess the need for child care and ensure sufficient provisions are made for working parents. The child care must meet the needs of all types of families especially those with lower income and disabled and those with special needs. 2. Information, Advice and Training Local authorities must also provide training and advice to persons who wish to be providers of child care. 3. Introduction of The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) This is an education framework introduced to all providers of care for 0 -8 years. Its aims are to support and teach providers in delivery of early education to babies and children. This act also introduced free nursery hours for children aged 3 and upwards. 4. Reform of the Regulation and Inspection of Childcare This part focuses on raising quality and standards of pre-school care and education and requires all providers of childcare aged 0 -8 years to be registered on the Early Years register and be monitored by the regulatory  body (UK regulatory body) OFSTED (unless exceptionally exempt). Evidence must be shown that these child care providers are continually working in line with the EYFS. The Childcare Act is of vital importance as it requires by law, those providing care to babies and children 0-8 to maintain constant high standards and that sufficient safe guards are in place and also education and development opportunities are easily obtainable for both the children being cared for, but also for the child care provider. This Childcare act has had a highly positive effect on the childcare offered throughout communities, ensuring that suitable care is within everyone’s reach regardless of their socially economic situation, the depth of their child’s needs or their cultural and racial backgrounds. The act has successfully endeavoured to eradicate childcare providers offering substandard care and learning opportunities to those they are accountable for. This of course has had an excellent impact on all children who have care provided for them outside of the family unit. Equality Act 2010 This is a relatively new legislation which replaces various discrimination acts and puts them under one heading and makes them easier to understand. The Equality Act legally protects people from discrimination in the work place and wider society. Legally people are protected if they are discriminated for their gender, race, religion, disability, breastfeeding mothers are now also covered by the law and women who are being paid less than a man doing the same job. These are just a small example of the people and situations that are covered by this law since 2010 as there are many more illustrations, the list is non exhaustive as practically anyone can be discriminated against for a multitude of reasons. The Equality Act is there to protect everyone whether in employment or not. It is there to ensure we are all on an equal footing and that everyone regardless of their social status, race, sex, sexual orientation, religion, mental health or intellectual acuity is treated with due respect and presented with equal opportunities. Data Protection Act (1998) The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998) is an act defining the ways in which  information about people may be legally used and handled. The main intent is to protect individuals against misuse or abuse of information about them. There are six main parts that outline the basic rights of individuals and how information about them is handled. The law states that all information written or spoken must be processed fairly and lawfully, be obtained for lawful purposes and in a manner compatible with the given purpose, it must be relevant and not excessive, current and accurate, not be shared with any other party unless written permission is given and be protected against loss or damage. This is a fact/Info sheet to be given and discussed to with Anjum’s parents to go through the 4 legislations that I have highlighted as important to home base childcarer’s service. LEGISLATION There are over 20 pieces of legislation I follow as a childminder. Below I have listed 4 that underpin and important for home based childcarers. 1. Children Act 2004 – identifies the needs of the child is paramount. Here are the 5 EVERY CHILD MATTERS priority outcomes. Be healthy – Stay safe – Enjoy and achieve – Make a positive contribution – Achieve economic wellbeing – 2. Children Act 2006 – Measures in the act formalise the important strategic role local authorities play through a set of new duties. These duties require authorities to: †¢Improve the five Every Child Matters outcomes for all pre-school children and reduce inequalities in these outcomes †¢Secure sufficient childcare for working parents †¢Provide a better parental information service †¢The act also reforms and simplifies early years regulation and inspection arrangements, providing for a new integrated education and care quality  framework for pre-school children and also for the new Ofsted Childcare Register 3. EQUALITY ACT 2010 .The Equality Act legally protects people from discrimination in the work place and wider society. Legally people are protected if they are discriminated for their gender, race, religion or disability. 4. DATA PROTECTION 1998 .The Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998) is an act defining the ways in which information about people may be legally used and handled. QUESTION 2 †¢How would you go about outlining the 4 different roles of the regulatory body to Anjum’s parents? As a childminder it is important that all new parents considering placing their child in my care have a clear understanding of the regulatory body Ofsted and their roles. I would provide this information by the production and display an information sheet outlining Ofsted’s roles. In addition I would provide new parents with my recent OFSTED report and website address for OFSTED. It is important to be able to provide varying types of media to enable all new parents with all level of communication and language or cultural needs to understand the information provided. This may be in the form of different media formats including information sheets in different languages if required. OFSTED As a childminder I am registered and monitored by the regulatory body OFSTED. There are four main roles that the regulatory body OFSTED have to carry out to regulate child carer’s in order to ensure that all children receive the  best possible care away from their homes. childcare providers. ï  ®register the childcare provider, or suspend or cancel their registration ï  ®inspect the childcare, usually without arranging this beforehand (an unannounced visit) Investgation  take enforcement action against the provider in serious cases. REGISTRATION All carers MUST be registered by OFSTED, it is an offence to work with children and not be registered. (Carers exempt from being registered are those who care for children for less than two hours a day and under six separate occasions a year) A provider registered by OFSTED has to ensure all staff or people over 16 living with you at the premises or a regular visitor must obtain an enhanced CRB check, so that any criminal convictions are disclosed that make the person unsuitable to work with children. INSPECTION Inspection by an officer from OFSTED provides an evaluation of how you run your child care setting and is designed to help improve its quality and standards in the care, safety, learning and developmental progress of the children and their learning goals set out by EYFS. INVESTIGATION An investigation is carried out in cases where negative information is received regarding a particular setting to establish whether a registered provider is still meeting and complying with requirements of OFSTED registration. ENFORCEMENT If OFSTED registration standards are not met or severe misconduct is practiced OFSTED can take action against you and your business concluding in being struck off the register preventing them from legally working with children. In severe cases legal action can be taken. Bibliography I used information from the following sources: Websites 1. www.ofsted.gov.uk 2. www.legislation.gov.uk 3. Guide to registration on the childcare register, OFSTED word document 4. Children Act 2004 , Wikipedia.org 5. Childcare Act 2006. Wikipedia.org

The European Chivalry: the Ideals and Practices

The Ideals and Practices Andrew Daniels Strayed University Abstract This paper focuses on the ideals and practices of chivalry, specifically in the Middle Ages. During this time, a list of Ten Commandments pertaining to chivalry existed. Knights were expected to uphold a certain code that impacted their country, church, king, and fellow man. This paper will elaborate on those individual commandments and explore what each mandate meant for a knight, and it will show how those obligations affected various aspects of their lives.Also, the paper will touch on heavily In relation to a knight's demeanor toward a woman, and the rules that were to be followed when engaging in courtly love. Lastly, one will see how some of these ideas have carried into modern day, though they have been altered throughout time. Picture King Arthur, a knight In shining armor, waging war against his former knight Lancelot to prove his love for Guinevere. Most people envision such scenes when they hear the word à ¢â‚¬Å"chivalry. While dragon-slaying knights and tales of rescuing damsels in distress have contributed to our notion of chivalry, many more unifying aspects make up what it means to be chivalrous. I will be delving into the true meaning behind the principles and what it means to be a knight devoted to the ideals of chivalry. Knights first evolved in the eighth century under the direction of the French ruler Charlemagne; It was from this time that the Idea of chivalry arose. Though the code of chivalry was never formally written, it was understood by all as a way of culture and moral conduct.During the Middle Ages, knights upheld the ideals and practices delineated in The Code of Chivalry. These values ranged from dedication to the church, to defending the weak and defending your country, and loading yourself to a higher standard by being faithful to your word and respecting others. The unspoken Ten Commandments revealed the duties a knight was to defend. This paper will further exp and upon the customs of knights and their chivalric ways. One of the major components of chivalry dealt with protecting the church.The first commandment stated, â€Å"thou shall believe all that the church teaches, and shall observe all its directions† (Marshall, 2002). The second commandment simply stated, â€Å"thou shall defend the Church† (Marshall, 2002). In the Middle Ages Christianity in ten Tort AT cottontails was ten only practice religion. I en snuck played a Olsten and dominate role in the majority of people's lives, not only medieval knights. Beginning as free peasants, knights often pillaged churches. Due to such violence, Rome declared knights the protectors of churches starting in the tenth century and threatening sanctions against any who ransacked churches.Later, in the 1 lath century, the Truce of God asserted that knights should not make war on all holy days, all saints days or Thursday through Sunday. Abiding to these rules meant that knights exhibi ted their chivalric duty by observing the churches directions. Not only did the knights protect the church, but the church protected the knights' estate if he embarked on a Crusade to Jerusalem, the supposed burial sight of Jesus. During his time away, the knight was also exempt from paying taxes to the church (Warrior Challenge, 2003).While knights were required to defend the church, they were also expected to defend the weak, according to the Code of Chivalry (Marshall, 2002). Knights were expected to protect the weak and innocent. Given a plot of land for their services, rather than monetary compensation, knights were required to oversee the land in order to keep agricultural procedures running smoothly and to ensure the well-being over their serfs. Another knightly duty was to avenge the wronged. This was possible with extensive training from the age of seven to twenty one.In this fourteen year span, knights learned everything from hunting and falconry to wielding a battle and v aulting on a horse in heavy armor (Martin, 1991). With a repertoire of experiences such as these, knights were surely qualified to shield anyone weaker than them. Moreover, knights â€Å"shall love the country in which thou waist born† (Marshall, 2002). Knights upheld this chivalric code by living to serve their king and country. In the eighth century when Charlemagne ruled over his vast empire he enacted many longstanding ideas both in religion and education.During this period he and his vassals were involved in protecting their borders; without such a charismatic leader knights may not have been so obliged to serve and defend their king and country. In order to exhibit love for his country, the knight was sure to obey the king, country, and Code of Chivalry. The fifth commandment found in the code of chivalry, â€Å"thou shall not recoil before thing enemy' (Marshall, 2002). In a time when battles were common, knights were expected to fight with honor and die with valor. T hese traits would have been taught to these men when they were squires training to be knights.However, knights also established principles of what not to do in battle. It was thought chivalrous to never attack an unarmed foe, never use a weapon on an opponent not equal to the attack, and never attack from behind (Marshall, 2002). By maintaining these principles a knight showed respect to themselves, their king and their country. The next commandment reads, â€Å"thou shall make war against the Infidel without sensation and without mercy,† which relates to the seventh commandment â€Å"thou snail perform scrupulously tiny Teal outlets, IT teen De not contrary to ten laws AT God† (Marshall, 2002).Certain tasks categorized under these two commandments were thought of as chivalrous. One such task stated that knights were to destroy evil in all of its atrocious forms. Knights were required to fight for the ideals of their king, country and chivalry, which meant annihilating all those that attempted to steal land or rob people within the kingdom's borders in which a knight resided. Protection of one's country by destroying the enemy remained a priority for knights, as long as they did not betray any teachings of the church.Knights also abided by the code, â€Å"thou shall never lie, and shall remain faithful to thy pledged word† (Marshall, 2002). It was thought gallant to live a life complete with respect and honor. Knights should not take for granted their freedom or their livelihood, and they must remain thankful for the opportunities provided to them. Of course, if knights kept their word of honor, they must avoid lying or cheating their fellow man. Living an existence abundant of deception would defy the principals hose chivalrous men were to uphold.Just as it was thought unethical to deceive their fellow man, it was also thought improper to desert a friend or ally in need. Likewise, knights were not to relinquish a noble cause, whether it p resented itself in the form of a battle, defending one's church, or protecting one's country (Marshall, 2002). By living a truthful, honest existence, knights became role models of suitable gentlemen, which have contributed to our current view of the word chivalry today. Additionally, the code of chivalry demands, â€Å"thou shall be generous, and give largesse to everyone† (Marshall, 2002).Sir Thomas Malory provides a glimpse into such charitable actions as he recounts a scene between King Arthur and Sir Lancelot in his legend El Mortem d'art. After Arthur learns of Lancelot and Gunrunner's affair, he wages war against Lancet's kingdom, only to find himself at the mercy of Lancelot and his kinsman, Sir Boors' sword Not so hardy, said Sir Lancelot, upon pain of thy head, that thou touch him no more, for I will never see that most noble king that made me knight neither slain en shamed.And therewith Sir Lancelot alighted off his horse and took up the king ND horsed him again, a nd said thus: My lord Arthur, for God's love stint this strife, for ye get here no worship, and I would do mine utterance, but always I forbear you, and ye nor none of yours forbear me; my lord, remember what I have done in many places, and now I am evil rewarded (Taylor, 2010, Para. L). Lancelot spares Urethra's life, remembering when Arthur once placed his faith in Lancelot by making him his knight. Despite the quarrel between the former friends over Guinevere, they still respect one another.In this instance Lancet's generosity outweighs his desire to defeat Arthur. Such demonstrations of largesse, whether legend or not, reveal the true meaning behind this commandment. The final commandment documented in the Code of Chivalry states, â€Å"thou shall be everywhere and always the champion of the Right and the Good against Injustice an Eve â€Å"(Marshall,2 I Nils last commandment Disloyally encapsulates ten tore mentioned orders, reminding knights to live for all that is virtuous and to reinforce the need to respect the authority of country, church and king.Knights were to avoid certain practices such as torture and deceit; they were to remain loyal to their friends ND those who placed their trust in them. Furthermore, the concept of respecting women was considered a significant courtesy, though not directly mentioned in the Ten Commandments of Chivalry. Men were to exhibit manners at all times, and they must be polite and attentive to women. Additionally, gentlemen showed respect to whoever should be their host.Andrea Aquaplanes, a 12th century author, wrote De Amour, known today in English as The Art of Courtly Love. In his work, he addresses the â€Å"twelve chief rules of love,† and elaborates on thirty-one aspect of â€Å"the art of courtly love. Rules that men must abide by consisted of topics such as chastity: â€Å"Thou shall keep thyself chaste for the sake of her whom thou loves† (Marshall, 2002). Within these numerous rules, one can see what was thought of as proper in a relationship and the graciousness that was displayed toward women (Marshall, 2002).Concepts such as this reveal the origins of present day views on chivalry or in some opinions, the lack of chivalry. Overall, I feel the principles that contribute to the idea of chivalry, whether or not construed by legend, are important ones. The codes that knights abided by revealed number of characteristics: faith, loyalty, strength, honesty, generosity and courtesy. I believe living an existence according to these principles, or even attempting to attain such standards, makes a person a superior, well-rounded individual.Incorporating such characteristics into one's everyday life allows a person to be more virtuous, and these values reinforce one's relationship with the church, country and allies. The romanticism of chivalry has survived to present day, though the code is not held to standards nearly as high as in the past with the majority of the ideas fall ing to the wayside. I believe a rejuvenation of several of these notions could benefit factions of society and reinstate principles that should be essential for all mankind.

How To Use the Spanish Word No

How To Use the Spanish Word No A simple Spanish word like no can be deceptive. It looks and sounds like its English cognate, no, and has a similar meaning. There are some ways in which the Spanish no is used that will seem unfamiliar to English speakers. Here are some of the most common uses of no: No as a Simple Answer to a Question This usage is similar in both languages: -  ¿Ests feliz? - No. (Are you happy?  ¶ No.)-  ¿Es estudiante de la sicologà ­a? - No, es estudiante del arte. (Is he a psychology student?  ¶ No, hes an art student.)-  ¿Hay muchas personas en tu paà ­s que hablan inglà ©s? - No, pero hay muchas que hablan portuguà ©s. (Are there many people in your country who speak English?  ¶ No, but there are many who speak Portuguese.)-  ¿Te gustarà ­a un cafà ©? - No, pero me gustarà ­a un tà ©. (Would you like a coffee?  ¶No, but I would like a tea.) Using No as a Question Tag No is very commonly attached to the end of a statement to turn it into a question, either rhetorically or seeking confirmation from the listener that the statement is true. It is usually the equivalent of isnt that so? or something similar. No in such situations is often called a question tag or tag question. Estudias mucho,  ¿no? (You study a lot, dont you?)Su esposa es inteligente,  ¿no? (His wife is intelligent, isnt she?)Voy contigo,  ¿no? (Im going with you, arent I?)El vuelo sale a los dos y media,  ¿no? (The flight leaves at 2:30, doesnt it?) Using No To Negate a Verb In English, this is usually done using a negative auxiliary verb such as dont, wont or didnt. Él no comprende el libro. (He doesnt understand the book.) ¿Por quà © no estudiabas? (Why didnt you study?)La presidente no es una mujer de grandes principios ni convicciones. (The president isnt a woman of great principles nor convictions.)No fuimos ayer a mi casa. (We didnt go to my house yesterday.) Using No as Part of a Double Negative As a general rule, if a Spanish verb is followed by a negative, it must also be preceded by no or another negative. When translated to English, such sentences use only one negative word. As shown in the second translations below, this may result in an indirect translation of no. No conoce a nadie. (He doesnt know anyone. He knows nobody.)No fui a ninguna parte. (I didnt go anywhere. I went nowhere.)Ahora mismo no estoy concentrado en escribir ningà ºn libro. (Right now Im not focused on writing any book. Right now Im focused not on writing any book.)No quiero que nunca me olvides. (I dont want you to ever forget me. I want you to never forget me.) Using No as the Equivalent of Non- Before Some Nouns and Adjectives Many words use prefixes as a way of making them into the opposite; for example, the opposite of prudente (careful) is imprudente (careless). But some words are preceded by no instead. Creo en la no violencia. (I believe in nonviolence.)Humo pasivo puede matar a los no fumadores. (Secondhand smoke can kill nonsmokers.)El pà ³lipo es no maligno. (The polyp is nonmalignant.)No existe la palabra para definir a la mujer que no es madre. Pero sà ­ que existen las no madres. (There isnt a word that defines the woman who isnt a mother. But indeed non-mothers exist.)Soy un no ciudadano. (I am a noncitizen.) Using No as the Equivalent of Not Typically, no when used the way English uses not immediately precedes the word or phrase it negates.  ¡No en nuestro nombre! (Not in our name!)El matrimonio con ella fue fugaz y no feliz. (His marriage with her was brief and not happy.)Pueden hacer el mismo, pero no rpidamente. (They can do the same thing, but not quickly.)Tiene la inteligencia de no pedir lo que no le van a dar. (She has the intelligence to not ask for what theyre not going to give her.) Using No as a Noun As can the English no, the Spanish no can be used as noun, although the Spanish word is a bit more flexibly used. El paà ­s ha dicho un no rotundo a la guerra. (The country has said a definite no to the war.)Hay una diferencia profunda entre el sà ­ y el no. (Theres a huge difference between yes and no.)Con este referà ©ndum le dieron un gran no al primer ministro. (With this referendum they gave a huge no to the prime minister.) ¿Aceptarà ­as un no dà ©bil? (Would you accept a tentative no?)